MARINE TRAFFIC ENGINEERING IN KOREAN COASTAL WATERS

This study describes and discusses the marine casualties, the effectiveness of existing traffic services, and marine safety and Vessel Traffic Service(VTS) in Korean coastal waters. Marine traffic is comprehensively assessed in Korean waters, an analysis of casualties is undertaken by block scheme. Marine environmental parameters are identified relating to marine casualties as appropriate. Various statistical techniques are employed to evaluate the inter-relationships between individual causal factors, and for the first time effect level is instituted to quantify the relative importance of the causal factors in Korean waters. A further innovation is the examination of the adequacy of existing Korean traffic services by casualty and traffic analysis, and an accident danger index is introduced to compare accident danger over different .time periods. A mixed population of contributors to marine safety is sought by questionnaire. The design of this is both innovative and original in content in order to evaluate the perceived importance of the various risk factors, the marginal effectiveness of various options in reducing risks, and their weight with regard to YTS services and activities, the main part of the study uses an original multiple coefficient to estimate casualty reduction rate and a new method to quantify the effectiveness of VTS. The Korean waters traffic study is conducted as an intermediate level and provides the data base for the main body of work. The conclusions include recommendations with respect to the stricter enforcement of the routeing scheme(TSS) and the adoption of further traffic observation/surveillance over the areas concerned. Finally it is noted in particular that additional Vessel Traffic Service and Traffic Separation Schemes are now required if any substantial improvement is to be achieved in marine traffic safety in Korean coastal waters.Korea Maritime Universit

A food pedagogy framework – to advance societal health and sustainability through urban-based, food-related initiatives

Complex societal challenges are on the rise in urban areas and food has important roles in addressing these challenges. Insights into the potential of food pedagogies to address urban food-related challenges and activities are required. The overall aim of this thesis was to develop a pedagogical framework to inform food-related activities including food policies or food strategies, policy development, and food-related programs, with the goal to promote societal health and environmental sustainability. This research adopted a qualitative exploratory research approach to seek key information from food leaders about how adults learn about food, health and environmental sustainability through food-related activities in communities. A scoping literature review investigated key elements and influences over food-related activities within food pedagogies, which informed the proposed research. Following this, semi-structured interviews were conducted with experienced food leaders from diverse food-related fields in Australia. Thematic analysis identified patterns and features of the data regarding the participants’ views and experiences

Contract Pricing and Packer Competition in Fed Cattle Market

We use a game-theoretical framework to analyze the coexistence of spot and contract markets in the cattle industry. A duopsony scenario with two packers and N feeders is used to reflect the reality in the cattle industry. Our main contribution is to incorporate the risk components and the pricing of hedonic attributes of cattle quality. Our preliminary results show that packers have an incentive to transform bidding strategies in spot markets when a series of hedonic characteristics play some significant roles in establishing cattle prices in contract market. That is, we will show that the effectiveness of contract with TOMP clauses on packer competition in a spot market depends on whether there is a correlation between spot price and hedonic characteristics. The results may shed light on understanding potential effects of captive supplies on market power and may aid in the assessment of the policies designed to enhance competition in the cattle industry.Marketing,

The Impacts of Animal Disease Crises on the Korean Meat Market

Employing the error correction method and historical decomposition with direct acyclic graphs, we quantify the impacts of domestic and oversea animal disease crises on the Korean meat markets. We find that (a) the market partially recovered 16 months after the foot-and-mouth outbreak in 2000, and 13 months after the avian influenza and the U.S. BSE incidents in 2003; (b) animal disease outbreaks have differentiate impacts by disease type and supply chain level. Retailers likely to have windfall profits as the retail price margin increased relative to the farm and wholesale levels; and (c) disease outbreaks affect dynamic price interdependence.Animal disease outbreak, Error correction model, Direct acyclic graphs, Korean meat market, Historical Decomposition, Price margins, Livestock Production/Industries, C32, Q11, L11,

Construction and nonnegativity of sign idempotent sign pattern matrices

AbstractIn this paper, we modify Eschenbach’s algorithm for constructing sign idempotent sign pattern matrices so that it correctly constructs all of them. We find distinct classes of sign idempotent sign pattern matrices that are signature similar to an entrywise nonnegative sign pattern matrix. Additionally, if for a sign idempotent sign pattern matrix A there exists a signature matrix S such that SAS is nonnegative, we prove such S is unique up to multiplication by -1 if the signed digraph D(A) is not disconnected

Flow Characteristics Around Step-Up Street Canyons with Various Building Aspect Ratios

We investigate the flow characteristics around step-up street canyons with various building aspect ratios (ratio of along-canyon building length to street-canyon width, and upwind building height to downwind building height) using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Simulated results are validated against experimental wind-tunnel results, with the CFD simulations conducted under the same building configurations as those in the wind-tunnel experiments. The CFD model reproduces the measured in-canyon vortex, rooftop recirculation zone above the downwind building, and stagnation point position reasonably well. We analyze the flow characteristics, focusing on the structural change of the in-canyon flows and the interaction between the in- and around-canyon flows with the increase of building-length ratio. The in-canyon flows undergo development and mature stages as the building-length ratio increases. In the development stage (i.e., small building-length ratios), the position of the primary vortex wanders, and the incoming flow closely follows both the upstream and downstream building sidewalls. As a result, increasing momentum transfer from the upper layer contributes to a momentum increase in the in-canyon region, and the vorticity in the in-canyon region also increases. In the mature stage (i.e., large building-length ratios), the primary vortex stabilizes in position, and the incoming flow no longer follows the building sidewalls. This causes momentum loss through the street-canyon lateral boundaries. As the building-length ratio increases, momentum transfer from the upper layer slightly decreases, and the reverse flow, updraft, and streamwise flow in the in-canyon region also slightly decrease, resulting in vorticity reduction

Studies on ILSS and Acoustic Emission Properties of Carbon-Carbon Composites

Abstract In this work, the carbon fibers-reinforced carbon matrix composites made with different carbon char yields of phenolic resin matrix have been characterized by mechanical flexural tests for acoustic emission properties. The composites had been fabricated in the form of two-dimensional polyacrylonitrile based carbon fibers during the carbonization process. It was found that the composites made with the carbon char yield-rich of resin matrix result in better mechanical interfacial properties, i.e., the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the composites. The data obtained from the acoustic emission monitored appeared to show that the composites made with carbon char yield-rich were also more ductile. From the acoustic emission results, the primary composite failure was largely depended on the debonding at interfaces between fibers and matrix. The interlaminar shear strengths of the composites were correlated with the acoustic emission results